Suchergebnisse

The announcement on September 1, 1909, by Dr. Frederick A. Cook, that he had discovered the north pole on April 21, 1908, and the almost contemporary declaration on September 6th, of Robert A. Peary, of the United States Navy, in command of the Roosevelt, that he had discovered the north pole on April 6, 1909, are, if substantiated, not only international events and scientific achievements of the greatest interest and value, but the culmination of centuries of effort, directed not merely to reach the pole, but to shorten commercial routes by the discovery of a northwestern and northeastern passage, to advance our knowledge of arctic geography and to make known in a disinterested and scientific spirit, the flora, fauna, and the physical configuration of the arctic regions.

On the morning of August 12, 1884, readers of the Evening Bulletin from San Francisco were greeted with the sensational title: "A Terrible Story: Charges of Cannibalism Against the Greely Arctic Explorers."[1] Meanwhile, in West Virginia, the Wheeling Register produced an even more sensational title the next day, "Torn from Arctic Graves. A Horrible Story of Cannibalism. Can these Things be True?"[2] In the Northeast, TheNew Haven Evening Registerprinted its own article titled: "The Greely Sensation: The Government Officials Very Reticent Regarding Alleged Cannibalism."[3] It would appear that a wave of sensation was crossing the nation as papers printed similar stories on the charges of cannibalism. These charges were the latest topic to become publicized by the press pertaining to the Greely Expedition to Lady Franklin Bay in the Arctic. The events and stories of the Greely Expedition unfolded between the pages of a newspaper for the American public. How the press represented the expedition to the American people clarifies our understanding of the press's and the American public's interest in arctic exploration in the late nineteenth century. [1]Evening Bulletin, "A Terrible Story," August 12, 1884 [2]Wheeling Register, "Torn from Arctic Graves," August 13, 1884. [3]The New Haven Evening Register, "The Greely Sensation," August 13, 1884.

The geographic location of the Russian Federation determines regional apartness of the Arctic and Far East territories which are mostly isolated. The necessity of development of the Russian North Polar regions calls for the development of transport infrastructure and specifies requirements to flight characteristics of regional airplanes, which requires new research and development solutions. Positioning the Arctic territory as an exclusive economic zone on the world political arena necessitates the development of the regional transport network including all-cargo and passenger services for sustainable development of the region. An up-to-date approach to aircraft design should be based on Arctic exploiation requirements, infrastructure-climate limitations and design methods that include methods of moment-inertia analysis, structural-parametric analysis of Arctic-based aircraft taking into account the choice of rational moment-inertia configuration. Synthesizing the limitations and required operation characteristics we designed an Arctic-based airplane that can perform transport operations in the Russian Arctic zone safely and successfully. ; Рассмотрены некоторые вопросы создания самолёта арктического базирования. Географическое расположение Российской Федерации обусловливает региональную обособленность регионов Крайнего Севера и Дальнего Востока, которые более чем на 40% территорий являются труднодоступными. Необходимость освоения перспективных Северных регионов Российской Федерации требует развития транспортной инфраструктуры и устанавливает специфичные требования к характеристикам региональных самолётов, что требует создания новой методологии формирования проектно-конструкторских решений. Позиционирование Арктической территории как исключительной экономической зоны Российской Федерации требует в первую очередь развития региональной транспортной сети, в том числе грузовых и пассажирских авиаперевозок для устойчивого развития региона. Современный подход к проектированию должен базироваться на требованиях арктической эксплуатации, инфраструктурно-климатических ограничениях и использовании научно-методического обеспечения, включающего методики, программы моментно-инерционного анализа и алгоритмы структурно-параметрического анализа самолётов арктического базирования с учётом выбора рациональной моментно-инерционной компоновки. Результатом синтеза ограничений и потребных характеристик является самолёт, предназначенный для арктического базирования и способный успешно и безопасно выполнять транспортные задачи в Арктической зоне Российской Федерации.

Visitors to the Arctic enter places that have been traditionally imagined as otherworldly. This strangeness fascinated audiences in nineteenth-century Britain when the idea of the heroic explorer voyaging through unmapped zones reached its zenith. The Spectral Arctic re-thinks our understanding of Arctic exploration by paying attention to the importance of dreams and ghosts in the quest for the Northwest Passage. The narratives of Arctic exploration that we are all familiar with today are just the tip of the iceberg: they disguise a great mass of mysterious and dimly lit stories beneath the surface. In contrast to oft-told tales of heroism and disaster, this book reveals the hidden stories of dreaming and haunted explorers, of frozen mummies, of rescue balloons, visits to Inuit shamans, and of the entranced female clairvoyants who travelled to the Arctic in search of John Franklin's lost expedition. Through new readings of archival documents, exploration narratives, and fictional texts, these spectral stories reflect the complex ways that men and women actually thought about the far North in the past. This revisionist historical account allows us to make sense of current cultural and political concerns in the Canadian Arctic about the location of Franklin's ships.

In the 1860s, the geographer and publisher August Petermann began agitating in Germany for an expedition to the North Pole. Having overcome any number of difficulties, he was finally able to initiate the first polar journey in 1868. The man slated to carry out his plans was the physics student and captain Carl Koldewey who - thirty-two years old at the time - devoted himself to the task with great enthusiasm and persistence. However, he did not succeed in attaining the ambitious geographic goals. The following year, an incomparably better equipped expedition left Bremerhaven on two ships, heading for East Greenland. One of the vessels was crushed by the ice of the East Greenland Current, but with the GERMANIA Koldewey reached the intended coast, where - in 1869/70 - significant geographical investigations as well as a number of other scientific inquiries were carried out. This expedition, which was exemplary from the logistical as well as the scientific point of view, would have served as a basis for further work in the region. Koldewey then set his sights on international cooperation, which was only realized however, ten years later. From 1875 onwards, he was senior official of the Reichinstitut Deutsche Seewarte (German hydrographic office), where he enjoyed international acclaim as a compass expert until his retirement in 1903.

The Master Thesis considers the current internal Russian political discourse concerning the national geopolitical positions in the Arctic region and the prospects of Russian geopolitical and real (economic, military, strategic) presence in the region. The very process of elaboration and formulation of the geopolitical images, ideas and notions regarding the Arctic issue within the Russian geopolitical agenda is under research. The recently emerged theory of critical geopolitical (or post-geopolitics) has been chosen as a theoretical ground for the thesis as a theory that permits to examine the very inner political discourse on the problem that is elaborated by the statesmen, political elite, officials and geopolitical experts. Similarly, the discourse analysis was implemented as an effective method of text assessment and interpretation of senses contained within the texts on the issue of Russian geopolitical factor in the Arctic exploration. Keywords: geopolitics, critical geopolitics, critical approach, geopolitical factor, geopolitical discourse, internal political discourse, discourse analysis, the Arctic region, the Arctic Ocean, the Northern territories, Russian geopolitical agenda, Russian policy in the Arctic, Russian exploration of the Arctic.

The article analyses the key aspects of Canadian policy in Arctic, the perspectives of interaction with Russia, evolution of the Arctic Council as a leading regional forum. The author discovers the main tendencies of institutional development of the Arctic exploration evolving mechanisms and Russia's participation parameters. Russian-Canadian Northern cooperation perspectives are in the focus.